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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack exists, it becomes a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It will leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the files that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even in the event that you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this attribute, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption visit their website algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the products gathered here service AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make a digital signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.